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The specific electrotransfer pulse protocol employed significantly potentiated the regression. This study explores factors that could produce this antitumor effect.

In multiple preclinical studies, a reduction in tumor growth, increased survival or complete tumor regression have been observed in control groups in which vector or backbone plasmid DNA electrotransfer was performed.

Intratumor electrotransfer of plasmids encoding therapeutic molecules has reached Phase II clinical trials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Įnhanced tumor delivery of plasmid DNA with electric pulses in vivo has been confirmed in many preclinical models. The data described, demonstrate that the new permeabilizing protocol adopting biphasic electric pulses displays a significant higher efficacy compared to previous ECT treatments and substantial reduction of the associated morbidity. In terms of efficacy, none of the rabbits experienced tumor recurrence, showing minimal discomfort during the ECT sessions.

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Finally, a cohort of six pet rabbits with advanced skin neoplasms were enrolled in a compassionate trial using the new parameters in adjuvant fashion. Mice with chemoresistant xenografts were treated as well with either the new parameters and with a previous protocol, confirming the higher tolerability and efficacy of the novel parameters. The tumor cell line was treated with electroporation using the new parameters, that showed improved drug efficacy in causing cell death. A new electroporator delivering train of eight biphasic pulses at the voltage of 1,300 V/cm lasting 50 + 50 µsec each, with a frequency of 1 Hz, and with 10-µsec interpulse intervals (total treatment time: 870 µsec/cm(2) of treated area) was tested in vitro on the human lung cancer cell line A549 and in vivo, both in mice xenografts and privately owned rabbits with spontaneous tumors. This approach results in higher number of anticancer molecules delivered to their biological targets, but is also associated to undesirable side effects such as pain and muscular contractions. This review paper presents current knowledge of the use of nanotechnology in the management of cancer, with a focus on melanoma.Įlectrochemotherapy (ECT) is a cancer therapy that conjugates the administration of a chemotherapy agent to the delivery of permeabilizing pulses released singularly or as bursts. The scope of such molecules extends to therapeutic applications including photodynamic and photothermic therapy where light is converted to heat to combat neoplastic lesions immunotherapy where nanoparticles are used as immunomodulators or vaccines against cancer cells and gene therapy which targets pro-oncogenes on signal transduction pathways. Novel drug delivery systems are formulated to optimise the distribution and pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents while reducing their toxic effects. New molecules and nanoparticles are designed worldwide in an aim to improve the diagnosis and spread to sentinel lymph nodes and other organs.

Nanotechnology, offers great potential in revolutionizing the management of melanoma. The management of advanced disease is challenging, and current chemosurgery techniques have minimal effect on survival. Melanoma is a common malignancy with a high survival rate amongst those diagnosed early.

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